![]() Any weight-bearing exercise and activities that promote balance and good posture are beneficial for your bones, but walking, running, jumping, dancing and weightlifting seem particularly helpful. People who spend a lot of time sitting have a higher risk of osteoporosis than do those who are more active. Some bad habits can increase your risk of osteoporosis. The risk of osteoporosis is higher in people who have certain medical problems, including: Osteoporosis has also been associated with medications used to combat or prevent: Long-term use of oral or injected corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone and cortisone, interferes with the bone-rebuilding process. ![]() These surgeries include those to help you lose weight and for other gastrointestinal disorders. ![]() Surgery to reduce the size of your stomach or to remove part of the intestine limits the amount of surface area available to absorb nutrients, including calcium. Severely restricting food intake and being underweight weakens bone in both men and women. Low calcium intake contributes to diminished bone density, early bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. A lifelong lack of calcium plays a role in the development of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is more likely to occur in people who have: Osteoporosis has also been associated with overactive parathyroid and adrenal glands. This can occur if your thyroid is overactive or if you take too much thyroid hormone medication to treat an underactive thyroid. Too much thyroid hormone can cause bone loss. Treatments for prostate cancer that reduce testosterone levels in men and treatments for breast cancer that reduce estrogen levels in women are likely to accelerate bone loss. The fall in estrogen levels in women at menopause is one of the strongest risk factors for developing osteoporosis. Lowered sex hormone levels tend to weaken bone. Osteoporosis is more common in people who have too much or too little of certain hormones in their bodies. Men and women who have small body frames tend to have a higher risk because they might have less bone mass to draw from as they age. Having a parent or sibling with osteoporosis puts you at greater risk, especially if your mother or father fractured a hip. You're at greatest risk of osteoporosis if you're white or of Asian descent. The older you get, the greater your risk of osteoporosis. Women are much more likely to develop osteoporosis than are men. Some risk factors for osteoporosis are out of your control, including: Risk factorsĪ number of factors can increase the likelihood that you'll develop osteoporosis - including your age, race, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions and treatments. The higher your peak bone mass, the more bone you have "in the bank" and the less likely you are to develop osteoporosis as you age. Peak bone mass is partly inherited and varies also by ethnic group. How likely you are to develop osteoporosis depends partly on how much bone mass you attained in your youth. As people age, bone mass is lost faster than it's created. After the early 20s this process slows, and most people reach their peak bone mass by age 30. When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. Your bones are in a constant state of renewal - new bone is made and old bone is broken down. Osteoporotic bone (bottom) is more porous. Under a microscope, healthy bone has the appearance of a honeycomb matrix (top).
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